Analysing The Marketing Campaign Tourism Essays

Analysing The Marketing Campaign Tourism Essays Analysing The Marketing Campaign Tourism Essay Analysing The Marketing Campaign Tourism Essay Introduction In 2008, the metropolis of Liverpool, UK was selected to be the European Capital of Culture programme among 11 metropoliss of the UK. This was a particular event that was introduced from 2005 in Europe and each twelvemonth, one metropolis in Europe would be selected to stand for the civilizations of assorted states. The event was called Liverpool 2008 or Liverpool 08 . Such an event gives the host metropolis the chance to showcase its attractive forces and civilization, besides giving local concerns the chance to increase their gross revenues and develop their concern on a long term footing. While Liverpool 08 lasted for one twelvemonth, the impacts of the event can still be felt today, and concerns see increased gross revenues even now. The event brought the people together as a community and they all worked as a squad to do the event a success. It is estimated that the entire investing in Liverpool and the environing countries was in surplus of 4 billion GBP ( Liverpool 08, 2009 ) . The consequence was that 1000s of occupations were created ; over one billion people visited the metropolis from 60 states. A figure of cultural events were conducted throughout the twelvemonth and the general feeling was that the event was a expansive success. Effective selling, close teamwork, first-class public presentations, and a metropolis that has been celebrated as a finish selling mark helped the undertaking to be a success. However, before naming the event a success, it is of import to understand the steps used to estimate the success of the event. This thesis analyses the selling run of the event, and discusses if the run worked and succeeded in run intoing the aims. Background to the Thesis With the post-9/11 onslaughts and the outgrowth of low cost bearers or LCC, Destination Marketing Organisation or DMO has become progressively popular. DMO acts as a cardinal organic structure for an country or parts, and pulls in faraway travelers from other states. A reappraisal of literature shows that Liverpool 08 and its organising commission is a DMO and finish selling activity. Kotler ( 2002 ) has identified DMO as authorities or private administrations that cover all the activities and procedures to convey together clients or purchasers and Sellerss, and places a focal point on reacting to the demands of the clients and competitory placement. The activity is a set of uninterrupted and co-ordinated stairss that create consciousness of the finish and put up an efficient web for the finish. Finishs can be continents such as Antarctica, states, big and little metropoliss, specific parts or countries in a state, a little small town, touchable and intangible services, and natural offerings available in the topographic point. Brey ( 2007 ) posits that finish selling involves utilizing touristry as a agency to an terminal instead than an terminal in itself. Reichel ( 2007 ) has pointed out that DMOs trade with varied undertakings that can include bettering and driving that image of a finish to pull visitants, supplying varied duties for different categories of clients runing from the back pack traveler who would be comfy kiping in a collapsible shelter, to a well-heeled traveler who demands a lavish suite. He speaks of increasing the sum of installations and substructure for journey, housing, F A ; B, giving local occupants and installation proprietors more rationale and support, bettering the local environment, conveying in cultural activities, taking local barriers of civilization and linguistic communication, and doing finishs more beguiling, hospitable, and a place off from place. Zupanovic ( 2007 ) argues that the activities of DMOs are of a really ambitious field and are related to the stakeholder s attitude, the complexness of the finish, and many other factors. Porter ( 1998 ) has defined competitory advantage as a place that an administration has created or occupied with mention to rivals, and it allows the house to gain higher grosss. With mention to DMOs, certain characteristics of the merchandise such as historical and tourist attractive forces, and natural scenic beauty like beaches, mountains and so on attract and pull visitants. Kotler ( 2002 ) points out that while supplying tourers with an first-class means to do their stay enjoyable, the primary ground for the DMO is to guarantee that investors and stakeholders make net incomes, and that their fiscal wagess are attained. Merely after these aims are satisfied can the DMO activity be regarded as successful. Literature Review Liverpool 08 has been actively supported by the University of Liverpool and the University of Manchester, and the pupils and module of the universities have published a figure of really good written paperss about the event. These paperss would be used as mentions for the research. Garcia ( 2009 ) notes that the benefits of Liverpool 08 have extended beyond 2008 when the event was conducted. The entire income from the programme was about 130 million GBP and this is more than that of any other European Capital of Culture or ECoC plan. There was an extra 27.7 million people sing Liverpool, the North West part, and the Merseyside in 2008, and this was 35 % of all visits. About 2.9 million visitants from Europe and other states came to Liverpool. The tendency of visitants has extended to until beyond 2010 and during 2009, Liverpool besides saw a ample flow of visitants. It was estimated that by the terminal of 2008, Liverpool was regarded as the Centre for humanistic disciplines and cultu ral personal businesss. In 2008, there were more than 70,000 humanistic disciplines and cultural activities conducted. The event has delivered four major consequences and these are: advantages and benefits to multiple stakeholders, multiple impact of civilization ; regeneration of the interior metropolis countries and the dockyards, and the handiness of a research model that can be used by other metropoliss that want to retroflex the success ( Bond, 2008 ) . It is by and large claimed by the organizers that Liverpool 08 has obtained sufficient degrees of success. Benefits in Liverpool Dockyards The Liverpool Dockyard countries have seen a great transmutation during the Liverpool 08 event. The dockyard has many sites that are a portion of the Maritime Mercantile City UNESCO World Heritage Site and the history of the dockyards go back to the early tenth century. Of particular note are constructions such as the Albert Dockyard. This site was chosen to be the locale for the FETTU exhibition. Albert Dockyard sees a figure of visitants, and it has many of import and worthwhile attractive forces such as the Tate Liverpool gallery, the New Arena and Convention Centre, Kings Waterfront, Three Graces in the North country, Wapping Dock, Birkenhead in Merseyside, and other countries ( FETTU, June 2008 ) . One of the most outstanding constructions that were built for Liverpool 08 was the Arena and Convention Centre constructed at the Kings Waterfront dock country of Liverpool. This is a futuristic convention Centre with an country of 7600 square metres, and provides 10,000 seats and an auditorium of 1350 seats. In add-on, the Centre has hotels, multi-story auto parking, eating houses, and an first-class public plaza. Before the Liverpool 08 event, these ancient dockyards had fallen into neglect and decay with all the societal ailments of old dock countries. However, the cultural festival has succeeded in transforming the countries into a rich cultural and economic hub. The best portion is that the new constructions that have been constructed and the old 1s that have been repaired would go on to convey in more and more cultural activities through the old ages ( Wilkinson Eyre, 2008 ) . Suggested Methodology As per the study by ENRS ( June 2009 ) and Bond ( October 2008 ) , there are multimodal factors and subsectors to be considered in the methodological analysis for analyzing the impacts on touristry. The impact of touristry would be felt in subsectors such as transit, adjustment, attractive forces and visits to topographic points of involvements, mediators, and tourers such as twenty-four hours tourers and full clip tourers. Considerable work has been done by the University of Liverpool pupils to measure the impact created by the event. For this research, it is proposed that the secondary method should be used. The secondary method would include a reappraisal of published studies and literature about the festivals. The findings would subsequently be triangulated with the literature reappraisal of finish selling to supply the needed decisions. Undertaking Timeline It is estimated that the undertaking would take about six months from start to complete. What follows is the undertaking timeline. How the thesis is organised There would be a figure of chapters in the thesis, with each chapter devoted to a specific event. A brief overview of thesis construction is as given below: Chapter 2: Literature Review. This chapter would set about a thorough literature reappraisal of Liverpool 08 and how the cultural event has affected the dockyard country. The chapter would besides analyze theories and illustrations of finish selling administrations and how they advertise finishs. Chapter 3: Decisions and Recommendation. The chapter would sum up the findings from the literature reappraisal to find if Liverpool 08 was successful. Some recommendations would besides be made to convey out the best patterns.

Every child is special Essays

Every child is special Essays Every child is special Essay Every child is special Essay Its one of the most Inspiring and touching movies of all time. Its one of those movies that Just wont be forgotten easily, a movie that will be etched In a viewers mind, and a movie that surely will Impart lessons about life, parenting, and teaching. The movie introduced me to the condition called dyslexia. It made me wonder and think back in time if some people I knew and met were dyslexic. I had classmates before in grade school that I really didnt understand why they took too long to read a simple sentence or a short paragraph, which to me, were very easy. The movie made me wonder if, perhaps, some of them were dyslexic after all. At that time, it was either you were smart because you read fluently, or you were dull because you simply took a longer time to read simple words and sentences. There was no in- between, no label for those who had a hard time reading simply because what they saw when they try to read were different from what normal people see. Another lesson that the movie made me realize was about parenting, about how parents should love their children equally, how they should accept them whatever conditions come with them when they were born and whoever they turn out to be. Parents should love their child all the more when they realize that he did not turn out to be the child they wanted to have. For a person still planning to have his own family and children in the future like l, that lesson In the movie will not be forgotten easily. With that alone, my mind was already awakened to the heavy responsibility of how a parent should love his child. Another deep lesson being carved In my mind was about how teachers greatly affect their students outlook In life, and how they Influence them. A simple show of care and understanding goes a long way, especially If that child has undergone something, e. G. , personal crisis In coping with personal Incapability, family problem, among other things. Child Is Special. Im sure that it wont be easily forgotten. The movie introducing me to dyslexia was like a Beaded-Inform phenomenon to me: after seeing/knowing about it, I start to see it everywhere. What I mean is, after watching the movie, I started to get to know people, be it in person or I only know of or read about, who were dyslexic. Posted by Michelle Bayonet Email This Biologists! In all its steaminess and hotness, 50 Shades of Grey taught me things about relationships . But before I delve into that, I think its Rick Radians Heroes of Olympus: Son of Neptune Olympian Series as well as book 1 of his Heroes The Nature of Man The nature of man. Sigh. This was one of the most complicated topics of conversations and debates, which often end up in fights and disagree Pointless Pointless, yes I know my love for you is pointless. Pointless, for I belong to him, he who has neglected my heart. Pointless, for we do not Simple template. Powered by Flogger.

The crisis management process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The crisis management process - Essay Example This essay stresses that management of crisis is critical to long term success of the organization. As the case of Tesco horse meat crisis reflects, the issue has moved a huge customer base of the company in the European market. In this situation the company has been putting best efforts to manage the situation with utmost professionalism and transparency. This paper makes a conclusion that according to public opinion, level of food safety is falling in the country. This is the reason behind the lack of confidence among the shoppers about the item that they are buying. Tesco has to put right such failings in order to win back consumer trust and pull back consumers’ confidence to the pre-scandal level. The company should immediately make a public declaration, over and above the promises to make investigation and refunding, that it would employ more sincere surveillance over the entire process starting from receiving supply form the suppliers, the process of production, packagin g and distribution of the products to the stores. It should also set new product standards for all the supermarkets not only in UK but around the world. This should be done in order to prevent tampering with the product in raw material stage to fully processed stage. It should also strictly follow the UK legislation of food legislation to account for all the ingredients that have been used in the product. Tesco should tighten its policies to take criminal action against the guilty that would be found responsible for breaking the law.... crisis intervention can be summarized as immediate intervention, stability, facilitating understanding, focusing on problem solving, and encouraging self-reliance (Flannery and Everly, 2000). Crisis management is an important ingredient for an organization to achieve success and following these basic principles would help in easing out its efforts. The way executives manage the communication pattern within the organization and the type of information exchanged between the organization and the stakeholders shape public perception. Public relations and media engagement are the two crucial elements of good crisis communication (Pauchant, Mitroff and Lagadec, 1991). The renowned global retailer Tesco has fallen victim to a serious scandal relating to the quality of a range of beef burgers sold by it. This is a serious stake for the company since the company’s reputation is on risk and the company is facing a slump in sale (Thomas, 2013). This article looks into the crisis communic ation maintained by the crisis management procedures followed by the company. Company overview Tesco had been established in the year 1919 in the East End in London (Tesco PLC, 2013a). A market stall owner, Jack Cohen, had set up the company with the vision of becoming â€Å"highly valued by the customers† (Tesco PLC, 2013b) served by the company. The business has grown successfully over the years and at present the company operates in 14 different countries in the world. Tesco is at present â€Å"the largest supermarket retailer in the United Kingdom† (Aaker and Mcloughlin, 2010). The company has always focused on bringing the most pleasing shopping experience for the customers and also taking the necessary actions to do the best for its employees and the community as a whole. The values

A Career In Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A Career In Marketing - Case Study Example After reviewing the great diversity of careers that are available to the individual interested in a career in marketing, I was particularly drawn to a career in public relations. Public relations and market outreach is a field that interests me because it goes beyond merely marketing a product and directly incorporates elements of social interaction and company representation. In such a way, the individual who works within such a career is ultimately responsible for seeking to challenge public opinion and represent the firm/organization in the time of difficulties and in times of success. Ultimately, it is the challenge of such a position that is attractive due to the fact that many individuals employed in public relations type marketing jobs have had the distinct ability to fundamentally alter the means by which the public views the firm and the ultimate product or service offerings they represent. Such is not the norm however but it is a possibility for the individual that works in such a field. With respect to the particular type of skills and knowledge that is required for such a job, the website that was analyzed to inform his report stated that a degree in good standing from a four-year university or college was ultimately a requirement. Although there was no experience requirement for beginning within such a career, ultimately representing the firm to the public would be something that would most certainly require much experience as well as supreme command of verbal and written skills.

Why and How are organizations out of Sync PT 2 Essay

Why and How are organizations out of Sync PT 2 - Essay Example The sole reason that resulted in one getting the given post can always lead us back to the type of manager on is. Basically, every person usually has a dream of being a boss one day and commanding other people to do their work. Once in managerial position, one can clearly see one that fits that position as having leadership qualities from the one who does not (Hickman, 2010). I believe that not all leaders are managers. It is possible to find someone who possesses leaders (Hickman, 2010)hip skills, but is not a manager. Leadership entails one who acts as a leader for others to follow. Leader commands respect and is held responsible for the other people’s affairs. Manager is people who are expected to have management skills in them. Though management and leadership go hand in hand, but in some cases may not. It is possible to have a manager who is not a leader and a leader who is not a manager (Hickman, 2010). In my personal experience while working in a certain private company, it happened that the manager in charge was a friend of the co-founder of the organization. Many workers in the company really disliked him as he always came up with rules to oppress the workers and make their lives in the company harder (Hickman, 2010). He always fired workers who annoyed him and knew that his actions were un-punishable. Looking at this example, this manager showed poor leadership skills (Hickman, 2010). He was unable to lead the people whom he was in charge and somehow abused his role as a manager for personal satisfaction. Leaders are people who place the desires of other people in front of themselves (Hickman, 2010). A true example of a leader is Mahatma Gandhi, who sacrificed his role as a prince to become a religious leader who had influence on the people. Leaders basically lead people towards a common goal, while managers are involved in organizing, controlling, planning

Company overview of Tata Motors Limited

Company overview of Tata Motors Limited Tata Motors Limited was founded in 1945 and it is the most successful automobile manufacturing company in India. With Tata Group as its parent company and Ratan Tata as its CEO, Tata Motors has sold almost 6 million vehicles nationally since their first launch in 1954 (Tata Motors, 2010). In expanding their business internationally, Tata Motors has proven that they are qualified as another competitor in automobile industry. Their products are commercial vehicles like buses and trucks, and also passenger cars like Tata Sierra, Tata Estate, Tata India, Tata Nano, Tata Xenon, etc. The company revenue was Rs. 27, 055.57 crores in June 2010 (Tata Motors, 2010). In India, Tata has operations in Jamshedpur, Pune, Lucknow, Patnagar, and Dharwad. Tata Motors was listed in New York Stock Exchange in 2004, followed by open their operations in UK, South Korea, and Spain (Tata Motors, 2010). In 2004, Tata Motors joint venture with Daewoo Commercial Vehicles Company from South Korea and formed Tata Daewoo. Continue one year later they bought Hispano Carrocera, a Spain company and also in 2008, they bought Jaguar and Land Rover from Ford, a UK based automobile company (Tata Motors, 2010). Macro Environment Analysis of the Company In analyzing macro environment of Tata Motors, it is crucial to know the main factors that influence the company when entering business to another country. Political, Economic, Social, and Technological (PEST) analysis is used to dig deeper some external factors which affect business in macro environment. With 4 perspectives in PEST analysis, it will help us to know the host market condition, possible growth, opportunities, decision making, and important steps (Lawson, 2006). III.1. Political-Legal Political is about the condition of politic and security in the domestic market which influence daily activity, including business. Legal is about the bureaucracy or regulation that should be fulfilled when we want to open a business. This is also an important factor because without obeying laws, rules, and regulation in the country, it is almost impossible to establish market there. Tata Motors was established in India, so Tata Motors has to concern on laws, rules, regulation, and political stability in India. But since Tata Motors has many subsidiaries in many countries, Tata Motors has to obey the host countrys laws also. In 2008, Tata Motors bought over Land Rover and Jaguar from Ford Motor. Since then, Tata also has to concern on the UK laws and regulation (Carty, 2008). Moreover, as the first company to be listed in New York Stock Exchange, Tata Motors also has to concern on US politics.. Generally, the political factor in the companys macro environment such as: tax policy, government regulations, and laws. It is famous that India is one of the countries which have a complicated bureaucracy, this is one of the obstacles if establishing business there (Sastry, 2005). Political unstable such as wars or conflicts also cause inflation and may affect oil price in one country. High inflation cause the government has to rise up prices, and oil price is the common price to get raised. And it is automatically the higher price of oil will affect the sales of cars (Wardell, et al., 2008). There were some political conflicts which were faced by Tata Motors recently. In their official website, stated that Ratan Tata (Tata Motors CEO) faced difficulties when he wanted to lauch Tata Nano. They have to deal with some emission norms and regulations in order to produce the cars (Tata Motors, 2010). As been reported on Bloomberg Businessweek in 2008, there was conflicts happened between two political parties when Tata Motors wanted to established their factory in Singur (India) and some protests from the local farmer. The conflict was about the agricultural land which Tata used to build the factory. Finally, Tata Motors had to relocate their factory and lost $100 million for relocation cost and over $ 300 million for investment (Banerjee and Guha, 2010). This problem is to prove that how stable the political situation of the country plays an important role in the companys macro environment. III.2. Economical The condition of economy in recent time or in the future can influence the growth and strategy of the company. This is very important because Tata Motors is a multinational company. Tata Motors has to understand the trend of economic growth in every single country that they do business with. This factor tells about the economical factor that surrounding the company such as: economy fluctuation, monetary and fiscal policy, government spending, unemployment level, interest rate, exchange rate, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, etc. In the domestic market, Tata Motors has to pay attention to the economic condition of India. India is a developing country with GDP per capita = $ 3,200 and $ 3.68 trillion national purchasing power (CIA, 2009). As been affected by the depression of global economic, Indias automobile industry also has to bear the consequences. The increase of material price forced Tata Motors to increase its truck price of 3.5% which lead to decrease in demand (Mapsofindia, 2010). In the international market, Tata Motors aims more to developing countries and middle-class family (Peacock, 2008). Each and every country has their own exchange rate or currency and it keep on changing every time. So for being a multinational company, Tata Motors has to concern in any changing of countries currency, especially US Dollar because Tata Motors also listed in New York Stock Exchange (NYSE, 2010). Inflation is also one of the factors, because it affects the interest rate for doing investment in a country (Russell, 2006). The increase or decrease of Inflation, will lead to a lower or higher interest rate. Looking deep to the economical macro environment may help Tata Motors in price setting, demand, cost, and decisional making in the company. III.3. Socio-Cultural Socio-cultural is focus on the attitude of consumer and employee which also affect the strategy. Strategy planning must follow the development of educational level and social assessment in order to see the influence toward the strategy. Some of the factors are: income distribution, attitude, education, health and wellness, changing life style, and demography. Tata Motors must realize the type of customers in India as its domestic market. The attitude and life style of those customers affect the demand for Tata Motors which also influence its decisional making (Tata Motors, 2009). Indian people are careful with their spending. They do not want to buy thing which is not worth it (Sharma, 2010). They are also usually educated and easy access to information. So, Tata Motors has to look at local perspective to market their product (Deoras, n. d.). Besides that, in doing business in 26 countries with 26 different cultures in each country, Tata Motors has to understand and apply different strategy. For example: Tata Motors cannot apply Indian culture to United Kingdom when they purchased Land Rover and Jaguar from Ford (a UK based company), because each place has their unique demographic. Another example would be: When marketing their product, Tata Motors must know the local demand. India for example, they have pretty low GDP per capita and most of the people prefer small car (Alvares, 2010). So, Tata Nano (one of Tata Motors product, a small car with $2500 price and the world cheapest car) seems fit into the market (Nussbaum, 2008). In 2009, Tata Motors faced culture problem in United States whereby affected the sales of their Jaguar. Many American did not want to buy a famous brand like Jaguar if it is owned by Indian company (Kamath, 2009). In focusing their socio-cultural environment, Tata Motors has Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) team which does social activities, donation, charity and caring the environment (Tata Motors, 2008). III.4. Technological Technological environment could affect raw material, operation, product, and company services. The development of technology can give huge opportunity to increase the product output in the company. Government intervention through tax policy and laws also play important role in the development of technology. The willingness to do innovation and taking risk seems to be the important component in this factor. Technological environment such as: The impact of changes in technology, new invention and development, cost and use of technology, and information technology development. This factor could give a competitive advantage to the company. As one of the giant automobile company, Tata Motors has to adapt and develop their product to the technology. The adaptation is not only in the factory machines but also in the car parts. Tata Motors allocate 2% of their Sales to Research Development Department (Tata Motors, 2010). Now, they are working to make environmental friendly buses such as hydrogen fuel cell buses and hybrid cars (Doggett, 2010). Not only in the real world, but Tata Motors also expand their services through internet. Tata Motors has on Online Booking Services which allow customers who has problem with their car to book date to send their car to their workshop. Now, customer also can purchase Tata Nano through internet, Tata Motors expand their business to e-commerce marketing (Marathe, 2009). III.5. SWOT Analysis of Tata Motors SWOT Analysis is a tool to analyze situation and condition of a business. It shows the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of the business. It is helpful to support the decisional making in the company because this analysis shows the current performance of the company and the possible challenges in the future time (Kern, 2001). And these are the SWOT Analysis of Tata Motors which been described from their official website: III.5.1. Strength: Strong brand image Good management Done many good innovations III.5.2. Weaknesses: The market target mostly is lower level citizen Advertisement and promotion still below other companies III.5.3. Opportunities: The acquisition of Jaguar-Land Rover will give more opportunities to produce different product innovation and aim to luxury market segment. The new Tata Nano as the world cheapest car will bring lots of demands. III.5.4. Threats: The tight competitiveness in automobile industry The high oil price The high price of raw materials The International Consideration As being the largest automobile company in India, Tata Motors knew that they could gain more profit by expanding their market globally. Opening business in some other countries outside their domestic market in India will bring benefit to them to be closer to their customers and reach worldwide market. IV.1. Worldwide Branches Tata Motors was established in 1945; however Tata Motors started expanding their business internationally since 1961, they are doing export with over 80 countries in 5 continents. In 1992 Tata Motors reached Europe market by export (Ibef, 2010). They have operations in: Venezuela, Senegal, Ghana, Nigeria, Zaire, Tanzania, South Africa, Spain, Italy, United Kingdom, Ukraine, Russia, Chile, Australia, Poland, Turkey, Syria, South Arabia, India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Thailand, Malaysia, and Bangladesh (Tata Motors, 2008). With 23,000 employees worldwide, Tata Motors is the first automobile company to be listed in New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in 2004. In the same year also they bought Daewoo Commercial Vehicles Company, a South Korea truck manufacture. Again Tata Motors expand its wings by buying 21% shares of Hispano Carrocera in 2005, a bus maker from Spain. A year later, they joint venture with Thonburi Automotive Assembly Plant Company from Thailand. Moreover, they also cooperate with Marcopolo, a Brazilian company. Furthermore, in 2008 Tata Motors acquired Jaguar and Land Rover from a UK company, Ford (Tata Motors, 2010). IV.2. Tata Motors Concern toward International Business As one of the big player in automobile business, Tata Motors must concern on many important things such as: environment, politics, and cultures. There is a big issue right now in Tata Motors which is related to their concern toward environment. A big demand for their low cost car Tata Nano will bring even more pollution because it is affordable and every people will buy it (Shivani, 2010). It is a good sign for the company but a bad sign to the earth. To focus into Tata Motors international business, United Kingdom is taken as an example. UK market is favourable for Tata Motors. Some of the advantage that they received by doing business in the UK are: Language; because India used English as their official language and so does UK, Tata Motors sees UK market is potential, UK is more attractive than another country also because they have lower entry barriers and they have a good network for dealer which is very important for Tata Motors (Purcell, 2009). Tata Motors has to concern on UK economic condition too, because it is a main market for Jaguar and Land Rover (Subbu, 2003; David, 2008). It is saver for Tata Motors for doing business in UK because the stability of Pound Sterling and UK is a good place to make Foreign Direct Investment (Invest in the UK, 2010). But overall, Tata Motors has to concern on the tight competitiveness in automobile industry in the UK. Huge brands such as: Toyota, BMW, Honda, Mercedes-Benz, etc, are also big players in the market. Therefore, Tata Motors must keep the strong performance by keep developing new product to attract customers. Also keep good relationship with customers to enhance their loyalty (Nemo, 2010). IV.3. Internationalization Method Tata Motors ways to international business such as: joint-venture, subsidiary, exporting, franchise, and dealer distribution. Tata Motors used Joint-venture or associate companies to touch Europe market (Ibef, 2010). They associated with Hispano Carrocera in Spain and become Tata Hispano. Tata Hispano produces coach, big buses, large cars, and regional transport (Auto, 2009). In 2009 Tata Motors bought 100% stake of this company (Indian Info Tech, 2010). Subsidiary or acquisition means when a company is owned and controlled by its parent company after has been acquired (Lennon, 1999). Tata Motors has 30 subsidiaries and 20 of them are outside of India. They gained almost Rs. 6500 crore revenue from the subsidiaries in 2006 which contributed almost 20% of the group revenue (Tata Sons Ltd, 2007). The most profitable subsidiary is Tata Daewoo Commercial Vehicle (TDCV) in South Korea and Telco Construction Equipment Company (Telcon), cooperate with Hitachi in India (Tata Sons Ltd, 2007). Besides doing joint-venture and subsidiary, Tata Motors also exports some of their products. In 2008, Tata Motors exported more than 33,000 units (Tata Motors, 2009). The exported country is spread in 5 continents and more than 70 countries. In the year 2006, Tata Motors exports reached 11% of its total sales (Onkvisit and Shaw, 2004); they focused in South Africa market in that year and exported almost 33% of the total export (Economic Times, 2006). Tata Motors has franchisees in some countries such as: Kenya, Bangladesh, Senegal, Russia, and Ukraine (Tata Motors, 2010). In addition, they have dealers to distribute their cars to their customers in Venezuela (Tata Sons Ltd, 2010). IV.4. Problem Faced by Tata Motors Even though the field of international business seems fertile, but it has so many obstacles and problems. Tata Motors has to be careful to overcome all the problems. Some of the problems would be: Joint venture problem, decreasing of stock, economic downturn in America and Europe, and last but not least is the tight global competitiveness of automobile company (Menezes, 2005). First, joint venture problem. When Tata Motors took over Jaguar and Land Rover in 2008, both them was doing badly (The Economist, 2009). Jaguar sales dropped to less than 65,000 cars in 2007 while Land Rover turned form favourable to unfavourable because they world demand is changing to environmental friendly cars while Land Rover still producing its spendthrift fuel cars. To overcome these problems, Tata Motors made a careful step by making new car design. Tata Motors came with Jaguar X-type which is better in design and also cheaper. They had a warm response from the market. To maintain it, Tata Motors asked help from Jaguar-Land Rover management to take part in the company. In Land Rover case, Tata built Land Rover LRX which is better in fuel consumption and low emission (Kamath, 2009). Another problem would be the decreasing stock of Tata Motors in 2008. This problem rose because of the $ 3 billion debt that Tata Motors loaned to buy Jaguar-Land Rover which could cause higher interest cost and lower down earnings (Kamath, 2009). This problem also compounded by the global economy crisis. Many Investors afraid that Tata Motorss stock would fall down. The best solution to this problem is to increase sales by making lower cost cars which will attract the customers, also support from Tata Group (its parent company) to help Tata Motors to settle their financial problem first (Krishnamoorthy and Koenig, 2008; Moinansari, 2009). Can be said that Tata Motors enter the global market was not in a right time. When it acquired Jaguar-Land Rover from Ford, American and European markets were in a weak point. The best solution in this condition is to keep the good management between Tata Motors and Jaguar-Land Rover, and also good investment in their product line like the latest Tata Nano which is the world cheapest car to reach every corner market (MBA, 2010). Although Tata Motors is a largest automobile company in India, but it only ranked as the 19th largest manufacture in the world (OICA, 2009). So, to face the competitiveness among the companies, Tata Motors must find a way to attract the market, for example: New product line, Make a low price car with a good quality, maintain their safety level, etc (Horner, 2009). The Future Growth of Business Tata Motors performance is also countable in automobile industry. With Tata Group as its parent company, and Ratan Tata as its CEO, Tata Motors is keep growing and expanding their market. In their official website, stated that the company revenue jumped 30.5% from last year and they got Rs. 2,571 crores of profit (Tata Motors, 2010). It is a positive growth from the company. Ansoff Product-Market Matrix was founded by H. Igor Ansoff in 1957. This marketing tool is used to help company to find the best strategy that should they choose to reach the objectives (Harris, 2000; Botten, 2008). Source: Ansoff 1957 cited in Campbell and Craig, 2005 Output from this Ansoff Matrix is a growing strategies which are appropriate for every part of business. Igor Ansoff stated that there are 4 strategies in Ansoff Matrix, they are: 1). Market Penetration, 2). Product Development, 3). Market Development, and 4). Diversification (Graham and Allan, 2008). V.1. Market Penetration The company is trying to reach the existing market with product that has existed too. This is the safest step because it has lesser risk than any other strategies. Usually, companies use this strategy to attract their competitors customers. Tata Motors used this strategy when they reached UK market by take over Jaguar-Land Rover, Tata Motors did not just concentrate on the new products line that they can produce from the two companies above but instead, Tata Motors still producing Tata Indica in the market (Tata Motors, 2003). V.2. Product Development The company offer new product to the present market. This is an important strategy to give fresh breath to the market. The new product will attract more customers from the existing market. The first product development of Tata Motors was Tata Sierra, their first passanger vehicle. Tata Sierra was marketed in 1991. And that was the first step of Tata Motors to develop their product and future strategy (Tata Motors, 2010). Tata Motors also did product development when they started to produce Tata Nano in 2008, Ratan Tata thought about making the world cheapest car and produced it in the domestic market first, India (Tata Motors, 2009). The strategy was to sell affordable car to the people in the same time, expanding their market. Before that, Tata Motors developed the first mini-truck in India called Tata Ace. Tata Ace came to the market in 2005 and in 2 years time, they have sold 96,000 units of Tata Ace (Tata Motors, 2007). By marketing this product, Tata Motors expand their market to mini-truck segment and become market leader (Thakkar, 2010). As been stated in Businessworld website (2010), Tata Motors is planning to put Rs. 10,000 crore for product development. The investment will be used to cover their debt when purchasing Jaguar-Land Rover, to buy new technologies, and any other improvement. V.3. Market Development Use the present product that belong to the company and offer it to a new market. Many MNE usually use this strategy to reach wider market domestically and internationally. Some examples of market development are: expanding to another country, selling the product to a different market segment, and using the product for different function (Graham and Allan, 2008). Tata Motors has developed their market overseas; they reached South Korea market in 2004, Spain market in 2005, Thailand market in 2006, UK market in 2008, and many more. Tata Motors sells their existing product like buses, trucks, and cars in those markets. Tata Motors is planning to make their market even wider by opening new companies in developing countries such as: Indonesia, Philippines, and Turkey (Tata Motors, 2010). V.4. Diversification This is a strategy whereby the company makes a new product and offers it to the new market. Diversification has higher risk than another strategies because the market and the product is new, but in the other side it could bring more profit to the company as it will bring new customers (Graham and Allan, 2008). Tata Motors diversified their product when they entered UK market and took over Jaguar-Land Rover in 2008 (Rao, 2009). It allowed Tata Motors to produced new products line, for example: Jaguar X-Type and Land Rover LRX (Kamath, 2009). New Venture Tata Motors main target market mostly is developing countries because developing countries seem to have fewer barriers to entry and the market is growing (Wentz, 2007). Tata Motors currently is famous with their Tata Nano, a one-lakh-car which is cheap in price; this car is only cost Rs. 100,000 or $ 2,500 (Tata Motors, 2010), this car really fits for developing countries which have lower GDP per capita, and also Tata Motors produces buses and trucks which is suitable for industrial country. It is proven by how they operate business with Thailand, in 2008, they managed to sell 600 big trucks (HT Media, 2009). To expand Tata Motors market, Indonesia will be chosen. Dilip Chenoy, director of Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM) says that Indonesia has a very good market and it is showing an optimistic economy (Reuters, 2009). VI.1. Method of Business Entry The method of business entry that should Tata Motors do is Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). They did the same when they entry Thailand market; Tata Motors joint venture with Thornburi Automotive Assembly. And since Indonesia and Thailand has similar market, it will be good if they find a partner in Indonesia and joint venture with them (Bhattacharya, 2010). FDI has a lot of benefits to both sides. It gives advantage to the host country to develop their economy, enhance the technology, more capital and investment, and new product. To the original firm, it gives opportunity to expand the market, easier marketing process, and surely will bring more profit to the company (Graham and Spaulding, 2005). Indonesia has become target for FDI to so many companies in many countries. Lots of Multi National Enterprise (MNE) planted their business there (Afrida, 2010). Foreign Capital Investment Law No. 1 of 1967, amended by Law No. 11 of 1970 regulates FDI (Expat Association Jakarta, 2010). VI.2. Porters Five Forces Analysis This theory was found by Michael Porter. It is used to analyze competition between industries. It says that a company should not be only competitor oriented but also has a clear market vision, Porter explains that our potential competitors are those infant industries, suppliers, customers and buyers, and substitute product producers. Therefore we have to know 5 forces that determine the character of one industry, they are: The threat of new entrants, Rivalry among existing competitors, The threat of substitute products or services, The bargaining power of buyers, The bargaining power of suppliers (Porter, 1979). Source: Porter 1979 cited in Harvard Business Review, 2008 This theory will help us to understand the Indonesia market for Tata Motors, by using its 5 factors it will be easier to know the market strength and opportunity. First is The threat of new entrants. This force is usually influenced by barriers to entry. For example: laws and regulation, access to materials, tariff, investment cost, etc. The more barriers to entry, the lower the threat of new entrants. Tata Motors must be aware for this threat if they want to come to Indonesia. Indonesias market for Tata Nano seems good because most of the cities in Indonesia are crowded and often jammed so the small and cheap car like Tata Nano will be on demand (Chaudhary, 2009). The new entrants which can give threat for Tata Motors such as: Intelligent Geely, a  £1,500 car by China Geely Automobile (The Economist, 2008) and also Maruti Ritz by Maruti Suzuki (Autocar, 2010). So, Tata Motors must maintain the loyalty of its customers by always giving the best services and always produce not only cheap but also good quality cars. Second is Rivalry among existing competitors. It is the most common thing in business world. If the business has many competitors, it could give disadvantages to the company because they share the same amount of customers (Royer, 2005). Tata Motors will have many competitors in Indonesia, such as: Honda, Toyota, Mitsubishi, Daihatsu, and many more. Each brand has their own competitive advantage, so Tata Motors have to make sure that they are strong enough to enter the market by keep innovate their cars, keep the low price, and promote more (Landge, 2010). Third is The threat of substitute products or services. This theory investigates how many substitutes that the product has in the market. The existence of substitute product will block up the producer freedom for price setting (Morrison, 2008). The high price of oil sometimes lower down the demand for car, especially nowadays when the oil price has reached $87/barrel (OPEC, 2010). People might substitute it with bicycle, motorcycle, or hybrid car which is popular recently. The strategies that Tata Motors should do are produce good quality cars, innovative products, and keep update with latest technology (Humad, 2005). Fourth is The bargaining power of buyers. The more products that the company has will bring a more choices to the buyers which will make their position become stronger. Buyers or customers are the main key for company, because they bring sales and profit (Miles, 1995). The target customer for Tata Nano is moderate to low level because it is affordable. The cheap price will bring positive respond from Indonesia market (OConnor, 2008). And the last one is The bargaining power of suppliers. This explains how important a supplier to a company. If lets say there are only a few suppliers in the market, the material will become rare and the bargaining power for the suppliers will be higher (Peng, 2008). Tata Motors Indonesia will still depend on their suppliers in India, so they need to maintain close relationship to the suppliers especially when the demand increases (Sachin, 2010). Conclusion Tata Motors, India largest automobile company has proven that they are countable in automobile industry. They are successful to reach domestic market and global market. Now, Tata Motors has reached market in 26 countries worldwide, from South America, Africa, Europe, and some part of Asia. This condition forces them to know every single countrys political, economical, socio-cultural and technological issues and operates the business according to that. The headquarters in Mumbai (India) is responsible to balance and to control how the subsidiaries in many countries operate their production because political changing and conflicts always exists. Tata Motors might face many competitors from the whole world, but to stand still and conquer the competitors is by developing products and keep innovating, this will give competitive advantage to Tata Motors. In these 2-3 years time, Tata Motors will invest to enhance their technology and cover their debts. This is a very good action from Tata Motors to show how integrated and strong they are. However, Tata Motorss step is not over yet, they are still expanding the business through many strategies. Developing new products and covering new market will always be their main purpose. Their vision is: Best in the manner in which we operate, best in the products we deliver, and best in our value system and ethics Ratan Tata. Word Count: 4677 words

Archimedes Essay -- essays research papers

Archimedes was a Greek mathematician and scientist. He was born in Syracuse, Sicily in the year 287 B.C. He was educated in Alexandria, Egypt. Due to the lack of information about Greek mathematics, many Greek mathematicians and their works are hardly known. Archimedes is the exception. Archimedes was very preoccupied with mathematics. For instance, he often forgot to eat and bathe because of his always wanted to solve problems. He found areas and volumes of spheres, cylinders and plain shapes. He showed that the volume of a sphere is two-thirds of the volume of the smallest cylinder that can contain the sphere. Archimedes was so proud of this concept that he requested that a cylinder enclosed a sphere, with an explanation of this concept, be engraved on his grave. Archimedes also gave a method for approximating pi. He was able to estimate the value of pi between 3 10/71 and 3 1/7. Math wasn’t as sophisticated enough to find out the exact pi (3.14). Archimedes was finding square roots and he found a method based on the Greek myriad for representing numbers as large as 1 followed by 80 million billion zeros. One of Archimedes accomplishments was his creation of the lever and pulley system. Archimedes proved his theory of the lever and pulley to the king by moving a ship, of the royal fleet, back into the ocean. Then, Archimedes moved the ship into the sea with only a few movements of his hand, which caused a lever and pulley device to move the ship. This story has become f...

Repression of War Experience by Siegfried Sassoon Essay

The poem â€Å"Repression of War Experience,† by Siegfried Sassoon is a testament to the mental and emotional hardships faced by veterans of the First World War, and indeed- all wars. In this poem, Sassoon uses the narrative voice of a traumatized soldier who attempts to forget the horrors of the battlefield by taking comfort in everyday activities such as reading (‘Books: what a jolly company they are’) and distracting himself by focusing on familiar aspects of nature (the moth, a rain storm, and the garden outside his home). Unfortunately, none of these things bring him comfort and despite his distractions the narrator is still a highly disturbed and bitter man, alone and disconnected from the world, driven â€Å"stark, staring mad† by his experiences. Sassoon’s poem is both a startling view on the post-war reality faced by traumatized veterans, and a condemnation of the public for not providing more help and counseling for those returning from the Great War. Mental Cases, by Wilfred Owen   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Mental Cases† by Wilfred Owen presents a dark and tormented vision of the effect the traumas of World War I had on the soldiers that fought its battles. Owen uses a constant barrage of harsh adjectives to describe the inhabitants of a military hospital, â€Å"men whose minds the Dead have ravished.† It is an accusation against the rest of the world for allowing the war to happen, as Owen describes the broken patients â€Å"snatching after us who smote them† and â€Å"pawing us who dealt them war and madness.† According to Owen’s narrative voice, war is a senseless abomination of â€Å"carnage incomparable† and everyone that doesn’t take direct action to stop it actively plays a part in its propagation. Dead Man’s Dump, by Isaac Rosenberg Isaac Rosenberg’s â€Å"Dead Man’s Dump† is an account of the horrors of combat in No Man’s Land. His poem is rife with constant motion and chaos, coupled with descriptions of the rank death and decay of the battlefield- where rudimentary tanks can be seen crushing the bodies of dead soldiers, and bodies are left to rot in the sun. Rosenberg seeks to give the dead soldiers a personal voice, describing the tragedy of young soldiers that have barely tasted life meeting vicious ends that â€Å"drained the wild honey of their youth,† while another â€Å"choked soul stretched weak hands to reach the living.† The poet wishes to use his verse to bring the horrors of the battlefield itself to those sitting comfortably at home, disconnected from the conflict and yet entirely responsible for its tragedies. Works Cited Wilfred Owen: Collected Letters, ed. Harold Owen and John Bell (OUP, 1967) The Great War and Modern Memory, Paul Fussel (OUP, 1977) Poems of the First World War: ‘Never Such Innocence’, ed. Martin Stephen (Everyman, 1995) Siegfried Sassoon Diaries 1915-1918, ed. R Hart- Davis (Faber and Faber, 1983) The War Poets, Robert Giddings (Bloomsbury, 1990) God Made Blind: The Life and Work of Isaac Rosenberg, ed. Adrian Barlow (Cambridge   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   University Press, 1995) â€Å"Poetry and the Pity of War†, Randle Manwaring; Contemporary Review, Vol. 273, November   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1998   

A Guide to Installing Microsoft Access 2010

A Guide to Installing Microsoft Access 2010 Due to its widespread availability and flexible functionality, Microsoft Access 2010 is still a popular database software in use today. Access 2010 introduced a version of the ACCDB file format that supported SharePoint, which allowed support for the Mac through a browser for the first time. New in Access 2010 was the Backstage view through which you can access all the commands for an entire database. The ribbon and navigation pane, which was introduced in Access 2007, is in Access 2010.   Benefits of Access 2010 Enhanced securityImproved spell checkerSharePoint supportNew user interfaceImproved data presentation How to Install Access 2010 The Access installation process is straightforward. Verify that your system meets the basic requirements for Access. Youll need at least a 500 MHz or faster processor with 256MB of RAM. Youll also need at least 3GB of free hard disk space.Ensure that your operating system is up to date. Youll need Windows XP SP3 or later to run Access 2010. Its a good idea to apply all security updates and hotfixes to your system before installing Access.Insert the Office CD into your CD-ROM drive. The installation process begins automatically and asks you to wait while the system prepares the Installation Wizard.The next step of the process prompts you to enter your product key and accept the terms of the license agreement.If youd like to install the entire Office suite or youre using an Access-only CD, you can choose Install Now on the next screen. If you want to customize your installation, click Customize instead.When the installation completes, you may be prompted to restart your computer. Go ahead and do so. After you install Access 2010, visit the Microsoft website for video tutorials on the software.

Time Management and Motivation Essay Example

Time Management and Motivation Essay Example Time Management and Motivation Essay Time Management and Motivation Essay Time Management and Motivation for Me the Student Idell Heiny GEN/200 March 14, 2011 Lisa Stepp A problem in my day-to-day life that I would like to work on is my time management. I would also like to find a way to stay motivated with school. Time management is a skill I lack and motivation is something I need. I need to learn how to fight management problems such as procrastination and bad habits. If I can only learn how to prioritize tasks and possibly categorize them it might help me with my time management. I seem to take on too much and don’t know how to say no. If I can learn to say no to things that waste time in my life I just might be able to learn how to use time management to my advantage. Sometimes I don’t realize just how much volunteer work I do. This keeps me from accomplishing the essentials. It’s often the little things and things that come up last minute, spur of the moment. It’s feels to me that other people in and around my life don’t know how to manage their time effectively always come to me, last minute of course and expect me to accomplish whatever the task at hand may be. If I could learn how to say no at those times to those people I just might be able to have better time management for myself. If I had extra time for me I just might be able to me motivated about school rather than feeling drained and exhausted by the time I get to school work and posting. When thinking about what I can do to help me better my time, I think about checking out books from my local library also checking with the library to see if they have any seminars or webinars regarding â€Å"time management†. Reading different books from different authors might help me to find a way to manage my time that best fits me and my life style. I’m sure there are plenty of different ways to manage time, but if it’s not something that I can add into my life and be able to use what’s the point. I would be willing to spend the time in researching out my options. I know what the outcome could be and I’m excited to have my time and day managed. This in return might just help me to stay motivated as well. Looking into the University of Phoenix, I could take an extra class that could teach me about time management. This would be a great time for me to do so just for that simple fact that I have my tax returns and I would financially be able to take an additional class. I could check with my student advisor and see what classes are offered how long the class is and what are the dates. If I were to lay this all out right I could possibly be able to take the class as an elective. I might also be able to find a workshop for a day as well to help me with the fundamentals. Again I could check with my local library and also the job center in town. I was lucky enough to start this process early on to do some searching for classes that I could take before this paper was due. To my luck I found a webinar that was offered online. I attended the 2 hour webinar that Jeff Cronk held, Cronk a professor at Stout University talked about solid project management practices such as creating, implementing, monitoring, controlling and delivering as promised to learning ways to get organized and break down the barriers to personal productivity. I took what I could in, what I understood, and what could be applied to my life. Such as creating a â€Å"to do† list writing things down each morning and crossing them off as I complete each task, this is something I can do in my life and will do. I will have a sense of accomplishment once I see what I have done for the day. This will motivate me to want to complete each list each day. If need be I could simply apply one or two things to the next days list as well. Being able to research some techniques it a great start but being able to apply tools and tasks to my life is amazing. I’m going to evaluate all the information that I have been given with the books and the webinar and figure out what works for me and what will not. By knowing my life style what I like and what I want to change will be the determining factor as to what info I will walk away with. Knowing that the ideas I have learned as far as setting goals with dates, creating to do lists and having my local library at my hand when needed will help me to manage my time. These were the little things that were skipped and looked over in my life and day to day routine. Cutting back on volunteer work is something that I will definitely do so that I can work every day on my â€Å"to do† list. I want to have this list as my bible. I will make it important and put it as a priority. Also from my findings in my reading, I will tackle my most complex task first. I will not be intimidated of any task and will tackle it head on!! Reference Brown, R. (2010, April 16). Ill do it tomorrow [Web]. Message posted to http://time-management. bestmanagementarticles. com/a-36902-i-ll-do-it-tomorrow. aspx Editorial Team B, B. (2010, April 13). Work life Balance [Web]. Message posted to http://time-management. bestmanagementarticles. com/a-37578-work-life-balance. aspx Susan Fritz F, (2005). Interpersonal skills for leadership (2nd ed. ). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458: Pearson Education, Inc..

To what extent can the Gothic genre be understood as reaction to Essay

To what extent can the Gothic genre be understood as reaction to Enlightenment ideals of reason, harmony and social progress - Essay Example The term in fact encompasses Gothic imagination, Gothic characteristic and a lack of awareness for science and technology. A future characterized by Gothic genre would be signified by a fiction depicting the dark future or an oncoming dark age. Some of the most dominant instances are the characters of Frankenstein and the Dracula. Keeping in mind the basic Gothic components, the paper picks up three novels, Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, Northanger Abbey by Jane Austen and Castle of Otranto Walpole to understand the Gothic genre as a challenge to the enlightenment concepts of reason, social advancement and harmony. Although the Gothic genre claims to have initiated from the feudal traditions as referred, yet it is actually an eighteenth century production and innovation and also originates in â€Å"fake origins† because it leads to a fabrication of origins and also â€Å"Fabricating a fabrication† (Botting, 2). The novel The Castle of Otranto is often referred as the fir st Gothic novel. A close reading of Walpole’s work which later inspired a short story, poem and even a film, shall help identify supernatural elements like omens, prophecy and visions. It enfolds a castle with its haunting mysterious ways – â€Å"blasts of wind that shook the doors she had passed, and which, grating on the rusty hinges, were re-echoed through that long labyrinth of darkness† (Walpole, 1766, p.23). The characters are blessed with lack of reason and more of overwhelming emotions. This disturbs the harmony time and again with the shrieks of women and dramatic reactions. The female characters are under patriarchal domination of male tyranny. The women had none to turn to except God as they are... Although the Gothic genre claims to have initiated from the feudal traditions as referred, yet it is actually an eighteenth-century production and innovation and also originates in â€Å"fake origins† because it leads to a fabrication of origins and also â€Å"Fabricating a fabrication†. The novel The Castle of Otranto is often referred as the first Gothic novel. A close reading of Walpole’s work which later inspired a short story, poem, and even a film, shall help identify supernatural elements like omens, prophecy, and visions. It enfolds a castle with its haunting mysterious ways – â€Å"blasts of the wind that shook the doors she had passed, and which, grating on the rusty hinges, were re-echoed through that long labyrinth of darkness†. The characters are blessed with the lack of reason and more of overwhelming emotions. This disturbs the harmony time and again with the shrieks of women and dramatic reactions. The female characters are under the patriarchal domination of male tyranny. The women had none to turn to except God as they are under the whims of men’s orders – â€Å"Words cannot paint the horror of the Princess’s situation†¦She addressed herself to every saint in heaven, and inwardly implored their assistance†.

How culture influence Management style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 15000 words

How culture influence Management style - Essay Example The emergence of a global economy and the dissolution of the national boundaries due to the advancement of information and communication technology, have forced the organizations to constantly re-evaluate strategies and operations so as to remain competitive (Buttery & Holt, 2000). With workplaces having people from diverse cultural backgrounds, with virtual teams working across continents culture plays a significant role in how the firms operate and manage business. Culture has always been a source of influence on human behaviour. It is essential to note that culture has a major impact on the human behaviour. Also the performance of an individual at a work place is directly impacted by the culture of the organisation. The culture of the organisation is generally dependent on the management of the organisation and the way the culture of the organisation is managed can impact the overall working within the company. Various functions of the organisation such as planning, controlling the different aspects of organisation, setting goal, coordinating are the key responsibilities of the management and together they contribute to the culture of the organisation as well. The role of managers becomes more complex and difficult in case of Multinational Companies (MNCs) as the managers located at overseas locations or expatriate managers face the daunting challenge of managing people from different cultures. The managers need to concentrate on the employee s and there is a clear need to be able to balance the employees and manage them well. By doing so, the company’s culture will be very high and there will also be a chance for the employees to grow and develop and perform better here. The attitude of the managers and the focus with which they work towards the development of the culture in the company can have a clear impact on the